TNFSF 14 also known as LIGHT, herpes virus entry mediator ligand ( HVEM -L) or CD258 exist as: type II transmembrane protein (1). Human LIGHT consists 240 amino acid (aa), 182 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 37 aa cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain include a one disulfide bond and one glycosylation site. LIGHT is expressed as a homo-trimer on activated T cells (2,3) and also on immature dendritic cells (4). LIGHT interact with three receptors (LTβR, HVEM and DcR3) (5, 6). LIGHT and HVEM interaction leading to T cell activation (7). LIGHT induces T cell proliferation, NF-κB translocation, and secretion of IFN-γ in vitro (4).

1. Schranz D. et. al. Increased level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 is associated with survival in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurol Scand 2021 May;143(5):530-537
2. Mauri D. N. et. al. LIGHT, a new member of the TNF superfamily, and lymphotoxin alpha are ligands for herpesvirus entry mediator. Immunity 1998 Jan;8(1):21-30.
3. Morel Y. et. al. Reciprocal expression of the TNF family receptor herpes virus entry mediator and its ligand LIGHT on activated T cells: LIGHT down-regulates its own receptor. J Immunol 2000 Oct 15;165(8):4397-404
4. Tamada K. et. al. LIGHT, a TNF-like molecule, costimulates T cell proliferation and is required for dendritic cell-mediated allogeneic T cell response. J Immunol 2000 Apr 15;164(8):4105-10.
5. Browning J. L. et. al. Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes. J Immunol 1997 Oct 1;159(7):3288-98
6. Salio M. et. al. Inhibition of dendritic cell maturation by herpes simplex virus. Eur J Immunol 1999 Oct;29(10):3245-53

7. Koni P. A. et. al. Distinct roles in lymphoid organogenesis for lymphotoxins alpha and beta revealed in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice. Immunity 1997 Apr;6(4):491-500